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Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Biography - last king of Rome ... Turned on by the soon-to-be king, Tarquinius Superbus, and his very own daughter, Tullia. Seven Kings Of Rome - Home Playing safe Servius Tullius was the sixth of the Roman kings. [1] According to Roman tradition, his rape of Lucretia was the … Sextus Tarquinius. Click card to see definition . n. Collatinus was one of the first two consuls of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, together with Lucius Junius Brutus.The two men had led the revolution which overthrew the Roman monarchy.He was forced to resign his office and go into exile as a result of the hatred he had helped engender in the people against the former ruling house. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 BC that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for "proud, arrogant, lofty"). She demanded that her husband and father Tarquin Superbus - Heritage History Tullia drove to the senate-house, and greeted her husband as king; but her transports of joy struck even him with horror. Sextus Tarquinius was the third and youngest son of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, according to Livy, but by Dionysius of Halicarnassus he was the oldest of the three. was the nephew of the last Roman king, Tarquinius Superbus (King Tarquin the Proud). Porsena: The Famous Etruscan Ruler Who Threatened infrastructure, and the powerful army they had. He reinforced his position by winning a war against Veii and bringing home a lot of spoils. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last Roman King Superbus fought successful wars and built public works, but he was remembered most for his lack … Servius Tullius - zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com Walls, castle, theatre… all was being built and all had the potential to look great. Rather than restoring their king, the Romans replaced the kingship with two annually elected…. As mentioned earlier, the Roman Empire was initially being ruled by Etruscan kings and as many people were not in an accord in being ruled by a king, the last king called Tarquinius Superbus was thrown out through a revolt led by a man … According to Florus, Tarquin celebrated his triumphs in the Etruscan fashion, riding a golden chariot drawn by four horses, while wearing a gold-embroidered toga and the tunica palmata, a tunic upon which palm-leaves were embroidered. Tarquin the Proud (L. Tarquinius Superbus) was the last king of Rome.During his tyrannical reign Romans reached the end of their toleration for arbitrary monarchs, and were ready to invent a remarkable form of government, the republic. tions: Demaratus, his son Tarquinius Priscus, and Priscus' son Tarquinius Superbus. Ancient accounts of the Regal period mingle … Rome, 7-9 November 2013 Year: 2017 ISBN: 978-90-429-3469-6 Pages: X-355 p. Price: 105 EURO [1] According to Roman tradition, his rape of Lucretia was the … After Lucius Tarquinius Superbus is overthrown Lucius Brutus decides to establish a republic or government of elected officials, this was a representative government. According to the tradition, he was the last Roman ruler of the Tarquin dynasty. Tradition states that he was the son of Lucius Tarquinius, but the timelines suggest he was probably his grandson. Latin name Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, fifth legendary king of Rome 2. 7 Livy 1.46.4: Hic L. Tarquinius - Prisci Tarquini regisfilius neposnefuerit, parum liquet; pluri'bus tamen auctoribus filium ediderim. UNK the , . The seventh and final king of Rome was Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. For Livy, Tarquinius' impious refusal to permit his father-in-law's burial earned him the sobriquet "Superbus" (arrogant or proud), and Servius' death is a "tragic crime" (tragicum scelus), a dark episode in Rome's history and just cause for the abolition of the monarchy. Servius Tullius had one of the most interesting political careers in pre-republic Rome. Who were the 7 kings of Rome? Servius Tullius. If you want to find out more about the myth and the reality of how Rome was founded you can check out my article here. The Sibyls were maidens who had received the gift of prophecy, and the privilege of living to an incredible age. to 509 B.C. Tarquin Superbus was the seventh and last king of Rome. He … A bus which is larger than or superior to ordinary buses. The Romans, especially the Senate, 2 were unhappy with Rome’s last king, Tarquinius Superbus, because he ruled by fear and violence. After she had interpreted the omen, the princes asked the Oracle who should … The son of Arruns Tarquinius, better known as Egerius, a nephew of Lucius Tarquinius … n. l.) měl dle tradice být asi od roku 535 do roku 510/509 př. Despite their kinship, Brutus led the revolt against the king and proclaimed the Roman Republic in 509 B.C. His story is associated with Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last semi-legendary king of Rome. Tarquinius sprang forward, seized the old man, and flung him down the stone steps. Match. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (“The Proud”) was a legendary Roman king. He was very amazed by the accomplishments of the locals. During his father's reign, he accompanied his elder brother, Titus, and their cousin, Lucius Junius Brutus, to consult the Oracle at Delphi regarding an omen witnessed by the king. He ruled Rome from 534–510 BC. He then proceeded to consolidate power by murdering or exiling his enemies in the senate, and repealing the reforms of his predecessor. B.C.) Spell. He was overthrown by the people of Rome in 509 BC following his son Sextus Tarquinius ' rape of the noblewoman Lucretia, and he failed in his attempts to restore the monarchy. Some were native Romans, others were foreign. Gravity. 23 Likes, 9 Comments - Rhiannon (@rhi_write) on Instagram: “Let’s talk about writing processes everyone’s so different and unique in how they write so I…” Eutropius summarizes the accomplishments of Rome’s last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, called “superbus” (“proud”) for his arrogance. He was the son-in-law of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last king of Rome. Tullia drove a cart over her own father on the road called the Vicus Scleratus. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. That changed in the year 510 BC. Aeneas had a little chat with his divine mother Venus, who briefly informed him about the short history of Carthage and then finally proceeded to the city itself. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (a murit 495 î.e.n. The latter, who was also known as Tarquin the Proud, goes on to become the seventh king of Rome. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Sextus Tarquinius has received more than 215,224 page views. [5] The nature of Roman kingship is unclear; most Roman kings were elected by the senate, as to a lifetime magistracy, but some claimed succession through dynastic or divine right. Tarquinius Superbus: Servius Tullius. (noun) Reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, last king of Rome . Lucius Tarquinius Superbus is the 225th most popular politician (up from 247th in 2019), the 104th most popular biography from Italy (up from 117th in 2019) and the 22nd most popular Italian Politician. LuciusTarquinius Priscus The Fifth King of Rome (616-579 BC) Originally named Lucumo, he was a very wealthy man from the Etruscan town of Tarquinii.His mother was and Etruscan, but his father, Demaratus, was a very wealthy fugitive from the Greek city of Corinth. He was born a slave and died a king. Servius Tullius. Tarquinius Superbus was a usurper, having killed his father-in-law to gain the throne. Tarquin was married to Tullia, the daughter of Servius Tullius. Some were native Romans, others were foreign. Alternative Title: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. Definition of lucius tarquinius superbus in the Definitions.net dictionary. Ancient accounts of the Regal period mingle history and legend. The latest king, Tarquinius Superbus, was considered a tyrant who abused his power, having claimed the throne without proper nomination and election. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) a descendant from an Etruscan family (he was the son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus) was the legendary seventh (and the last) king of ancient Rome. It is the story of a fictional character but within the framework of the historical record (what little there is) and includes the well known names of that time, including Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, the first Consuls of the Republic, and Tarquinius Superbus, the overbearing King with the insatiable appetite for conquest. He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for "proud, arrogant, lofty"). 3 Led by nobles like Publius Publicola and Lucius Brutus, the Romans deposed Tarquinius Superbus and sent him into exile. After a series of failed attempts to regain the throne, the deposed king sought assistance in Clusium, an Etruscan city. Tidak seperti raja-raja sebelumnya, masa pemerintahan Tarquinius Superbus diisi dengan kekejaman dan teror sehingga rakyat memberontak padanya. It was this incident which catapulted the downfall of the Roman monarchy and made Rome a republic. substancial - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. The Death of a Tyrant Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome from 534 B.C. [1] Servius was said to be the first king of Rome to come about being king without going through an election. Dionysios, on the other hand, follows the annalist L. Piso Frugi in 6 RE s. v. "Tarquinius". The Aeneid (/ ɪ ˈ n iː ɪ d / ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aenē̆is [ae̯ˈneːɪs] or [ˈae̯neɪs]) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter. He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus. The temple was supposedly paid for from the spoils of Apiolae (Priscus) and Pometia (Superbus), but the two towns are the same; Apiolae, Sextus Tarquinius was the third and youngest son of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, according to Livy, but by Dionysius of Halicarnassus he was the oldest of the three. Who was the king of Roman Empire? Lucretia was a virtuous Roman noblewoman. The nature of Roman kingship is unclear; most Roman kings were elected by the senate, as to a lifetime … Accomplishments: Waged war against the Veii and the Etruscans, added remaining Quirinal, Viminal and Esquiline hills to the city, created the first census, built temples to Fortuna and Diana, made Rome's first coins, was murdered by Tarquinius Superbus What does superbus mean? He used force to become king. Part of this is due to obvious flaws in the literary tradition describing the kings: much like the confusion the Ancients exhibited in attributing identical accomplishments to both Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus, the accomplishments of Tullus Hostilius are thought by many scholars to be rhetorical doublets of those of Romulus. Titian's Tarquin and Lucretia (1571) Tarquinius and Lucretia (1610), by Rubens (Hermitage Museum). Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. The expulsion of Tarquin and his family from Rome is depicted in this painting by artist Master of Marradi, who was active in Florence, Italy, during the second half of the 15th century. The power from the monarch passed from a king to two magistrates or consuls who also acted as chiefs of the militia. ), sau Tarquin cel Mândru, a condus Roma între 534 și 510 î.Hr. Background. Biography Servius Tullius was the sixth, and his successor Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was the last. Lars Porsena is also connected to the ancient city of Clusium, located in Tuscany, Italy. Part of this is due to obvious flaws in the literary tradition describing the kings: much like the confusion the Ancients exhibited in attributing identical accomplishments to both Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus, the accomplishments of Tullus Hostilius are thought by many scholars to be rhetorical doublets of those of Romulus. In the last quarter of the sixth century BCE, Rome was ruled by king Lucius According to this account, his son brought about the end of Rome’s rule by kings when he raped Lucretia, another man’s wife. LuciusTarquinius Priscus The Fifth King of Rome (616-579 BC) Originally named Lucumo, he was a very wealthy man from the Etruscan town of Tarquinii.His mother was and Etruscan, but his father, Demaratus, was a very wealthy fugitive from the Greek city of Corinth. Biography Lucius Junius Brutus was born in Rome , the grandson of the Etruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus and the nephew of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin). The Age of Tarquinius Superbus: Central Italy in the Late 6th Century Proceedings of the Conference 'The Age of Tarquinius Superbus, A Paradigm Shift?' Meaning of lucius tarquinius superbus. Generalerna Collatinus och Junius sitter i ett tält i det romerska lägret och dricker med Tarquinius. He reigned from 245 until he was pressured to retire in 269, leaving the throne to Lucius Junius Brutus. Latin name Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, seventh and last legendary king of Rome... Tarquin - definition of Tarquin by The Free Dictionary. Just like the founding of Rome itself the fall of the roman monarchy is also mythologically charged. According to Roman legends about the establishment of the Roman Republic, Lucius Junius Brutus (6th C. Tarquinius Superbus (the proud), the son of the former king, Tarquin the Elder, reigned from 534 to 509 BC. A bus which is larger than or superior to ordinary buses. After a reign of 44 years, Tullius was murdered by Priscus' son Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), who thereupon seized the throne. Accomplishments of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus Fought successful wars against the Sabines and Latins, built a stone wall around the city, constructed sewers Accomplishments of Servius Tullius Organization of Roman society and classes, created the first census, built a shrine to Diana on the Aventine Hill Accomplishments of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Arruns Tarquinius L. f. L. n. was the second son of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last King of Rome. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. So for several hundred years the sewer was simply an open canal crossed by bridges (Hopkins 2007, 9). He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for "proud, arrogant, lofty"). He seized the kingship after overthrowing Superbus in a popular uprising. Her vengeance upon the Roman monarchy began when she was raped by Sextus Tarquinius, the son of King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. The story begins in 509 BC with the exile of the last monarch of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus who reigned from 535 BC until the establishment of the Roman Republic. 534-510 B.C. At first he had his own daughters married to the two sons of Tarquinius, in the hope to prevent a similar fate as Tarquinius. In the aftermath of Tarquinius Superbus’s exile, the Roman Republic was born. However this change violated one of Rome’s religious codes, so he doubled the size of the three squadrons and divided them into two parts, thereby getting his way. Tarquinius Superbus was, in Roman tradition, the son (according to Fabius Pictor) or grandson (according to Calpurnius Piso Frugi) of Tarquinius Priscus and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (Unknown - 283), sometimes referred to as Lucius III, was the eight King of Rome. 7 – Tarquinius Superbus (534? 535 BC: King Servius Tullius is murdered by his daughter Tullia and son-in-law Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. Titus Livius described Octavius as head of … Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus. Crab mentality is a phenomenon where people react negatively, in terms of their thoughts, statements, or actions, to those who get ahead of them, even though they don’t expect there to be direct benefits to doing so. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus The Seventh King of Rome (534-509 BC) The son of Tarqunius Priscus, Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin The Arrogant) came to the throne in a violent way, having killed his predecessor Servius Tullius.He also had no true authority to rule Rome, since neither had the people elected him nor the senate ratified him. First treaty between Rome and Carthage . Yet before Porsenna could establish himself as monarch, he was forced to withdraw, leaving Rome without a king. Kekuasaan Tarquinius Superbus berakhir pada 509 SM, sekaligus menandai berakhirnya pengaruh Etruska di Romawi dan pembentukan Republik. Read more on Wikipedia. One … What does lucius tarquinius superbus mean? ' '' ''' - -- --- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Two leading Roman citizens, Brutus and Collatinus led the people of the Roman Kingdom in revolt, casting out their king and abolishing the Roman Kingdom in favor of a Roman Republic . Covered with blood, the king was hastening home; but, before he reached it, he was overtaken by the servants of Tarquinius, and murdered. Lars Porsena was an Etruscan ruler mentioned in the earliest accounts of Roman history. Memorability Metrics The Roman King L. Tarquinius Priscus According to Livy. He belonged to the Etruscan Tarquinii clan, reigned from 534 to 510 BCE, and was infamous for his tyrannical rule, although Rome did enlarge its territory in that time. of and in " a to was is ) ( for as on by he with 's that at from his it an were are which this also be has or : had first one their its new after but who not they have – ; her she ' two been other when there all % during into school time may years more most only over city some world would where later up such used many can state about national out known university united … What does superbus mean? Many of the stories about him are legends, and are based on earlier Greek and Babylonian stories. Part of this is due to obvious flaws in the literary tradition describing the kings: much like the confusion the Ancients exhibited in attributing identical accomplishments to both Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus, the accomplishments of Tullus Hostilius are thought by many scholars to be rhetorical doublets of those of Romulus. Tarquin, Latin in full Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, (flourished 6th century bc—died 495 bc, Cumae [near modern Naples, Italy]), traditionally the seventh and last king of Rome, accepted by some scholars as a historical figure. He is most famous for being the last king of Rome. Latin name Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, seventh and last legendary king of Rome... Tarquin - definition of Tarquin by The Free Dictionary. n. l. posledním římským králem, čímž skončilo období známo jako Římské království a byla nastolena Římská republika.Dle římských historiků se dostal na trůn pomocí vraždy svého předchůdce Servia Tullia. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. Lars Porsenna, Etruscan king of Chiusi, lays siege to Rome . Well, actually that’s not entirely true. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC), also known as Tarquin the Proud , was the Etruscan king of Rome from 535 to 509 BC, succeeding Servius Tullus. Here is a snapshot of the battles, emperors, and events that shaped that story. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was a king of Rome. Han försöker avleda den inre oron i riket genom att kriga mot grekerna. Which Roman kings were Etruscan? The list of the seven kings of Rome, or eight if we include Titus Tatius, is as follows: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus. 1. according to legend, the seventh and last Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC) Familiarity information: TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS used as a noun is very rare. The latter, who was also known as Tarquin the Proud, goes on to become the seventh king of Rome. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus's birth date is unknown, but it was somewhere around 600 B.C. The nature of Roman kingship is unclear; most Roman kings were elected by the senate, as to a lifetime magistracy, but some claimed succession through dynastic or divine right. N.S. He was the son of the fifth king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, after he married a woman named Tanaquil. He became king mostly because of his mother-in-law and because of popular support from the people. Roman Empire / By Viktor Susnyak / 25 May 2019 7 November 2020. 495 BCE. Accomplishments: Waged war against the Veii and the Etruscans, added remaining Quirinal, Viminal and Esquiline hills to the city, created the first census, built temples to Fortuna and Diana, made Rome's first coins, was murdered by Tarquinius Superbus For example, crab mentality can cause someone to discourage or sabotage their friend who is starting to do well at school, simply because they’re bitter about … Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 BC that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. According to tradition, the gens Mamilia was descended from Mamilia, reputedly a granddaughter of Ulysses (Odysseus) and Circe. The Roman Empire timeline is a long, complex, and intricate tale covering nearly 22 centuries. There you can also find out why from 753 BC to 510 BC early Rome was ruled by kings! During his rule, Servius helped make Rome a more urban city. His path to power was paved by blood. Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus. Sextus Tarquinius was the third and youngest son of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, according to Livy, but by Dionysius of Halicarnassus he was the oldest of the three. According to various reports, he has died of natural causes. • TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS (noun) The noun TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS has 1 sense:. și a fost ultimul rege pe care romanii l-ar tolera. Titian's Tarquin and Lucretia (1571) Tarquinius and Lucretia (1610), by Rubens (Hermitage Museum). – 509 BC) Also known as Tarquin the Proud, he was the seventh and final king of Rome. Information and translations of lucius tarquinius superbus in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Octavius Mamilius (died 498 BC) was princeps ("leader, prince") of Tusculum, an ancient city of Latium. NOTE: If you want to read a detailed breakdown, you can do so here: The Roman Empire Pre-Roman Empire 1200 BCE - beginning of the first iron Tarquin supposedly murdered Tullius and established an absolute despotism—hence his name Superbus, meaning “the proud.” Through the influence of Priscus' wife, Tanaquil, the plot was halted and the kingship passed to Servius Tullius, Priscus' son-in-law. Tages - Etruscan civilization - Egeria (mythology) - List of Etruscan mythological figures - Numa Pompilius - Nymph - Sibyl - Rosetta Stone - Etruscan numerals - Calends - Sibylline Books - Duumviri - Decemviri - Lucius Tarquinius Superbus - Valerius Antias - Plutarch - Faunus - List of goddesses - Etruscan religion - Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches - Stregheria - Aradia Some of Tarquin’s other accomplishments are adding one hundred of the petty nobility to the senate (Matyszak, 36) and getting more Etruscan families to move to Rome. (noun) â€⃜Superbus’ means arrogant, proud or lofty in Latin and perfectly sums up the attitude of this monarch. Tarquinius Superbus juga adalah orang Etruska. was found dead in Cumae 14 years after his rule of Rome. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) King: 535 - 509 BC. Tap card to see definition . - L. Tarquinius Superbus. Both are credited with the building of the Cloaca Maxima and the building of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. Tarquinius ruled Rome for 25 years, and is most famous for being exiled after his son, Sextus, caused Lucretia to kill herself. Part of this is due to obvious flaws in the literary tradition describing the kings: much like the confusion the Ancients exhibited in attributing identical accomplishments to both Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus, the accomplishments of Tullus Hostilius are thought by many scholars to be rhetorical doublets of those of Romulus. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC), also known as Tarquin the Proud , was the Etruscan king of Rome from 535 to 509 BC, succeeding Servius Tullus. He was the first Suffect Consul of Rome and was also the father of Lucretia, whose rape by Sextus Tarquinius, followed by her suicide, resulted in the dethronement of King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, therefore directly precipitating the founding of the Roman … 510 BCE - 509 BCE. Before its establishment as a Republic, Rome was ruled by kings (Latin reges, singular rex).In Roman tradition, Rome's founder Romulus was the first. The Roman Government: The Success Of The Roman Empire 1318 Words | 6 Pages. Brutus led the revolt that overthrew the last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, after the rape of the noblewoman (and kinswoman of Brutus) Lucretia at the hands of Tarquin's son Sextus Tarquinius. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (neznámo – 495 př. One of these Sibyls (known as the Cumæan) appeared to Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome, offering for sale nine books, which she … (Street of Infamy) Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, also known as Tarquin the Proud, is perhaps the most well-known of the seven kings. 535 BC: King Servius Tullius is murdered by his daughter Tullia and son-in-law Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. Den etruskiske prinsen Tarquinius Superbus har vunnit Roms tron genom mord, och hans son Tarquinius Sextus regerar Rom "som vore det en sköka". 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